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Unit:-2
Operating System
Introduction
Operating System is thef software which operates all tasks given by user. Operating system creates an interface between user and computer hardware which means it makes relationship between computer and humans. Computer will not work only with hardware it nedds a software to control and operate the whole system of computer.
Purpose of operating system
1.I makes and creates the interrelation between hardware and software.
2.It maintain the relation between user and computer system.
3.It manages memory and disk mansger of the computer.
4.It mansges file and program in the computer.
5.It control the instruction and creates the output.
Types of operating system
1.Batch operating system
The usage of batch operating system do not interact with the computer directely. Each user prepare his job on an offline devices like punch card and floppy disk and submits it to the computer operater. To speed up the processing job with similar kinds are bached together and run as a group.
2.Single user dingle tasking os
Thes operating system is design to manage the computer so that, one user can efficentively do one thing at a time. Plam operating system is agood example of single user single tasking os.
3.Single user multi tasking os
This ia stype of os must people uses on their desktop and laptop. Nowadays microsoft windows ans mac apple os is the examples of single user multi tasking os.
4.Multi-processing os
In multi processing system there are one or more progrem loaded in a main memory which are readty to execute. Only one program at a time is able to get the cpu time for executing i.e. there is almost 1 process running in the system.
5.Disk operating system (DOS)
DOs was the first operating system used by IBM comptiable computer. It's was originally available in teo version.DOS usage command line or text based interface that allows the user to type command.
DOS is still included awith window but it is run from the windows. The DOS can be open in the window by selecting the run from start meanu.
CUI(Command user Interface)
CUI is a traditionaluser interface. It provide the interactive terminal where user can enter the command execute. It is the only place where the program and user communite with each other. MS-DOS, Novelle, Unix is an example of CUI.
In CUI user has to interact with application by use of command. Only one task can be run at a time.
GUI(Graphical User Interface)
With advancement of technology, Computer system has become quicker and cheaper. Operating enviroment has also changed which lead to developement GUI where user can interact ith the computer system using picture and graph rather than text and command. GUI displays the icon, buttons and desktop.
Advantage of GUI
1.Easiness for non-technical people
2.Drag and drop feature
3.Look nicer than text interface
4.User-Friendly
5.Can be used by disabled people
Disadvavntage of GUI
1.Difficult to develop and high cost
2.Slower than CUI
3.Time consuming
4.Memory high uses
Different between GUI and CUI
GUI
1.It is based on graphical user interface mode and instruction are given using graphical component like menu bar, tool bar etc.
2.It is graphical and user friendly which means easy to use and operate.
3.It consists of different component such as text box, icon, desktop and pointing device
4.Eg:- Linux, window, Mac os etc
CUI
1.It is based on command user interface mode and instruction are given by using character and text.
2.It is more textual and less user friendly which means difficult to use and learn user eeds to memorize the command to operate.
3.It doesn't consist of such different component.
4.Eg:- MS-Dos, Unix os etc
*Open source Operating system
Open source software is a type of computer software tose source code is released under a licence in which the copyright holder gives user right to study, change and edit the software for any purpose. Open sources may be developed in a collabrative public manner. It enables developing and sustaning the long term use of open source software(O.S.S)
Advantage
1.These software is freely avaliable on the internet and can be downloaded easily.
2.Everyone is free to modify according to the requriment.
3.There is no restriction of law to use them.
4.The (O.S.S) allows to take any type of software for study.
5.Free of cost
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a free open source operating system based on unix. Linux was originally created by linux Torvalds with assistance of other developer all around the globe.Linux is free to download, edit and distribute. Linux is very powerful operating system and it is granduallly becoming popular through out the world.
Advantage
1.Low cost:-There is not used to spend time and huge money to obtain licence because it comes with GPL(General Publlic Licence)
2.Stability:-Linux has high stability compared with other OS. There is no need to reboot to maintain.
Performance:-Linux provides high performance capacity.
3.Networking
4.Flexbility
5.Compatibility
6.Fast and easy to install
Unix
The unix os is a set of program that acts as link between the computer and user . The computer allows the system resources ans co-ordinates all the details of the computer internals is called os and the kernal. The shell is a command in line interpreter. It translates the commands entered by the user and convets them into a language that is understood by the kernal.
It is multi-user and multi-taking os
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